The purpose of this research is to joint frequency analyze of precipitation anomaly percentage as a meteorological drought index and flow rate at Chalekhmaz station located in the Zarinerood basin at south of Lake Urmia in the period of 1995-2016, which is based on the duration of the mentioned indicators. The results of the analysis of investigated copula functions in Zarinerood basin showed that, based on evaluation criteria, Frank's copula function describes well the dependence between two variables of the duration of anomaly percentage and the duration of hydrological drought. In Chalekhmaz station, the expectation of drought duration of 4 to 7 months for the hydrological variable and 9 to 12 months for the meteorological variable in the coming years is not far from reality. The results of the study of the return period of drought characteristics showed that in the case of the frequency of the stream flow drought index, the return period also increases with the increase in the severity of the drought. The joint frequency analysis of drought characteristics shows how meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics can be determined simultaneously in one station by using joint probabilities. This can provide users and researchers with very useful information related to the probable behavior of drought characteristics in order to optimally use of surface water. For the duration of a certain meteorological drought in a station, the duration of the hydrological drought in the hydrometric station can be determined based on the conditional probability of occurrence and also certain return periods.

Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

Identification of deep ore deposits is one of important subjects in exploration field. Discrimination of dispersed mineralization zones and blind mineralization area is an important challenge in exploration of mineral deposits. Geochemical Zonality method and alteration models are traditional method that utilized for exploration of deep ore deposits specially Cu porphyry and Au veiny deposits. In this study, the anomaly thresholds have been determined using the fractal method for calculating the Zonality indexes in Tanurcheh area and then 4 important Zonality indexes have been used. In addition to these traditional methods, suitable information in this field can be achieved using interpretation of geochemical data in frequency domain. The situation of deep deposits and dispersed zones can be surveyed using interpretation of frequency anomaly in frequency coefficients of elements method. In this study, the potential of deep mineralization in one part of Kashmar Au and Cu mineralization area has been surveyed by frequency coefficients of elements method and obtained results have been compared to Zonality method and information of deep exploratory boreholes. The results of frequency coefficients method have properly been confirmed using the results of deep drillings unlike Zonality method.

Earnings-based anomaly, known as post-earnings announcement drift, could be regarded as delayed price response to earnings information that results in earning abnormal returns. The accrual anomaly refers to the fact that the current level of accruals is negatively related to abnormal returns over the following year, which may result in earning abnormal returns. These two anomalies appear to be related closely in the sense that accruals could be regarded as the primary component contributing to earnings. The aim of this study is to examine these two anomalies in the Iranian capital market, and to explain the relationship between them.In this study a sample of 560 firm-years from the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 1388-1391 has been considered. The results show that earnings-based anomaly is different from accrual anomaly. Also, a hedge portfolio trading strategy that takes both forms of market mispricing, generates abnormal returns higher than those based on only unexpected earnings or accruals information.

Frequency Domain Electromagnetic surveys are being used for various applications like mineral and water exploration, environmental hazards and buried human-made materials because of its resolution and fast acquisition for low depth targets. Resistivity and its depth for each frequency could be calculated in a simpler approach and shorter time than Iterative Inversion Method, Called Straight or Fast Inversion Methods, by assuming earth as a homogeneous half space. Barika’s Anomaly situated in Alut Geology 1:100,000 sheets in west Azerbaijan is studied in order to prospect gold- lead mineralization which has been detected in systematic geochemical and litho-geochemical surveys. In this paper we studied different Fast Inversion algorithms for synthetic data then applied the best method for real data. Resistivity distribution for each frequency produced and appropriate interpretation according to geology acquired. The results showed that there is a good correlation between low resistivity and shear zones. Also geology map can be modified with higher frequency resistivity.

Background: Cassia fistula was used traditionally as laxative in pregnant women. Nevertheless, its fetal and maternal effects in pregnancy have not been studied yet. Methods: Oral (Lethal Dose, 50%) LD50 was determined in mice. In addition, a control group, pregnant rats in other 5 experimental groups (n=12) received orally C. fistula aqueous extract (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg), tween80 (10%) and distilled water during pregnancy up to the delivery (21-23 days). Some serum indices were evaluated in maternal blood samples after delivery. Histopathologic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the selected slices of newborn rats. Results: Anthraquinone content of the aqueous extract was 0. 34% w/w. Oral LD50 was obtained more than 5000mg/kg. No abortions and newborn anomalies were observed in groups. The height and weight of the offspring were significantly reduced by the administration of 500, and 2000 mg/kg of extract compared to control. There was no significant change in maternal blood urea and creatinine. Higher concentration (2000mg/kg) led to ALT elevation. ALS levels decreased dose-dependency in treatment groups comparing to control. Histopathological findings showed significant lung vascular congestion, and hypertrophy of heart in group tween80, and significant hepatic parenchymal inflammation in tween80 and 2000mg/kg and 1000mg/kg groups. In all tissues of all groups, malpighian body area and bowman’, s capsule space significantly increased compared to the control group. Conclusion: It seems C. fistula extract is safe in pregnancy. Because of confounding role of tween80 in histopathological finding, more research is necessary.

The second trimester scan is the most important sonographic evaluation during pregnancy. The second trimester ultrasound examination is not only for confirming gestational age but also it provides an ideal opportunity for assessing fetal anatomy and therefore structural normality. In addition, assessment of placental position and morphology, amniotic fluid volume, number of fetuses, evaluation of soft markers for chromosomal defects and the comparative interpretation of various measurements are all important pointers to potential problems. This examination is commonly referred to as a „routine second trimester anomaly scan‟. The optimal time at which to offer the routine anomaly scan is the earliest gestation at which the necessary measurements and a full fetal anatomy survey can be performed and the latest gestation at which an acceptable range of options can be offered to the parents if an abnormality is detected. Although the measurements required to date the pregnancy accurately can be taken after 15 weeks of gestation, and most of the fetal anatomy can be evaluated at 18–20 weeks, the optimal time for examination of fetal heart can be provided at 23-28 weeks. It is recommend that the routine anomaly scan is performed between 20 and 24 weeks but we recommend anomaly scan to be done before 20 weeks (18-20 weeks) in Iran as we have limitation for legal termination if needed. Although it is necessary to examine the entire fetus and other uterine contents in detail, it is not always feasible to do this in the order suggested. It is suggested that the measurements are always carried out early in the examination so that they are not forgotten. It is not reasonable to expect all structural fetal abnormalities amenable to ultrasound detection to be diagnosed at a routine second trimester anomaly scan. Though if the approach is systematic then no major structural abnormality should be missed. However there are several examples from anomalies such as microcephaly which might be missed in second trimester scan if there is no serial examination. In the majority of normal pregnancies, measurement of the biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) provide the most accurate assessment of gestational age in the second trimester. It is recommended that measurements of the head circumference (HC), transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and abdominal circumference (AC) are also undertaken. They provide further confirmation of gestational age and aid in the exclusion of growth related abnormalities and spina bifida. In addition, their inclusion encourages a systematic examination of the whole fetus. An ultrasound examination is in the unique position of being both a screening test and a diagnostic test for fetal anomalies. Its clinical value is directly dependent on the skills of the sonographer, first, in obtaining the correct images for evaluation and measurement and, second, in the correct interpretation in each specific and unique clinical situation. Such examinations must only be performed by individuals who have undergone a supervised period of training that enables them to identify and distinguish between the range of normal findings, findings of uncertain significance and abnormalities at varying stages of gestation.